Comparing whiskeys and bourbon is like comparing different branches on a large tree.
Think of whiskey as the tree itself with various branches, each of which represents a particular type of whiskey—bourbon, scotch, rye, etc.
And that means…yes, bourbon is whiskey…but not all whiskey is bourbon.
Bourbon is a branch of the whiskey tree. It’s a specific type of whiskey with its own specific characteristics and requirements.
And in this post, we’ll give you the run-down of the specifics and their implications on flavor so you can get a better feel for which type of whiskeys you’re most likely to enjoy.
The #1 Difference Between Bourbon And Whiskey
When it comes to differentiating bourbon from whiskey, the most crucial distinction lies in their production process.
While all bourbons are whiskey, not all whiskeys are bourbon. The stringent production regulations for bourbon are what distinguish it the most.
One fundamental criterion is that bourbon must be made in the United States, as defined by the Federal Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits.
Additionally, bourbon must be made from a grain mixture that consists of at least 51% corn and is aged in new charred oak barrels. The remaining grains can include malted barley, rye, or wheat.
On the other hand, whiskey can be produced from various grains, including corn, barley, rye, and wheat, without any specific grain percentage requirement.
Bourbon vs Whiskey: Every Significant Difference You Need To Know
Legal Definition
The Federal Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits has developed a legal definition for bourbon in the United States. To be called bourbon, it has to fulfill a number of requirements, namely:
- Mash Composition: At least 51% corn.
- Distillation: No more than 160 proof for distillation and no more than 125 proof for aging.
- Aging: In new, charred oak barrels for a minimum of two years (four years for “straight bourbon”).
- Bottling Strength: Minimum 80 proof (40% alcohol by volume).
- No Additives: No added colorings, flavorings, or additives.
Conversely, whiskey is not subject to the same stringent regulatory restrictions and may be produced using a wider variety of techniques.
Aging Process
Bourbon must be aged in new, charred oak barrels. This aging process imparts distinctive flavors and colors to the spirit.
Bourbon ages for a minimum of 2 years in the United States, while there is no specific aging requirement for whiskey. However, many whiskeys are aged and matured for extended periods to develop complex flavors and aromas.
Whiskey can also be aged in a variety of different barrels, including used oak barrels.
This distinction contributes to the unique character and taste profiles of bourbon and whiskey.
Filtration
Because bourbon is frequently non-chill filtered, some of the fatty acids and congeners that give it taste and mouthfeel are still present.
On the other hand, whiskey could go through cold filtering to get rid of contaminants and give it a smoother texture.
Distillation Proof
The requirement for bourbon entering the barrel is that its proof should not exceed 125 (equivalent to 62.5% alcohol by volume or ABV), whereas it is bottled at a minimum proof of 80 (40% ABV).
What’s the reason behind this difference? Distillers often add water to the barrel-proof bourbon, adjusting its potency to enhance its flavor and make it more enjoyable to consume without any additional mixers or additives.
This specific proof requirement helps maintain the integrity and character of bourbon throughout the aging process.
Whiskey, however, does not have specific proof requirements for distillation or barrel entry. Although other whiskeys like scotch have a minimum bottling strength of 80 (40% ABV), but there is no maximum or minimum ABV for the distillate.
Production Volume
The production of bourbon is often done on a greater scale, with bigger distilleries and more output.
Whiskey manufacturing can take place in tiny, artisanal distilleries or on a massive scale, with a vast range of styles and craftsmanship available.
Flavor
Bourbon and whiskey fans tend to have different taste preferences due to differences in production processes, age, and flavor characteristics.
While some people might like the bourbon’s sweeter and heavier flavor profile, others could appreciate the variety and complexity offered by various types of whiskeys.
Cocktail Culture
The Old Fashioned and the Mint Julep are two traditional American drinks that are often made with bourbon. It is a preferred ingredient for blending in cocktails due to its distinctive flavor character.
On the other hand, whiskey is employed in a wider variety of cocktails across the world, demonstrating its flexibility and versatility.
Cultural Significance
In American history, particularly in the southern regions, bourbon has significant cultural importance. It frequently evokes memories and is often associated with traditions, celebrations, and a sense of heritage.
While having a long history and a variety of cultural practices across the world, whiskey, on the other hand, has cultural importance that transcends national boundaries.
Regions like Scotland, Ireland, and Japan, among others, have incorporated whiskey into societal rituals, celebrations, and creative manifestations.
Geographic Designation
While bourbon can be produced across all 50 states of America, it is often associated with Kentucky, where the majority of bourbon production takes place.
This association with Kentucky has historical and traditional significance. But you can also find delectable bourbon in Texas, Colorado, and New York to name a few.
Whiskey, on the other hand, can be produced in various countries worldwide, each offering its own unique styles and flavors.
Whiskey vs Bourbon: A Battle Where Everybody Wins
Bourbon and whiskey share similarities as both fall under the umbrella of whiskey, but they have several key differences that set them apart.
And now that we’ve shed light on their distinctions, we hope that this will help you to appreciate the unique qualities and characteristics of each spirit and enhance your enjoyment and exploration of both of them.
Speaking of explorations, the world of bourbon is another exciting and vast creation that you can discover. You can start your bourbon journey by checking our list of the best bourbons under $100 here.
Cheers to discovering new flavors and savoring the rich heritage of bourbon and whiskey!
Hunter Branch is the Founder and Director of Editorial for Bourbon Inspector. He has been writing about and professionally reviewing bourbon since 2020 (and has been drinking it for much longer). He’s been able to interview big names in the bourbon industry like Trey Zoeller from Jefferson’s Bourbon and his work has been featured in publications like TastingTable, Mashed, and more.